(Las Palabras Interrogativas)

In Spanish, question words (also called interrogative words) are used to ask who, what, when, where, why, how, and which.

They all carry a written accent mark (´) to distinguish them from similar words used in statements.

1) Basic Question Words

SpanishEnglishNotes / Examples
¿Quién? / ¿Quiénes?Who? / Who (plural)?¿Quién es ella? → Who is she? ¿Quiénes son ellos? → Who are they?
¿Qué?What?¿Qué haces? → What are you doing? ¿Qué es eso? → What is that?
¿Cuál? / ¿Cuáles?Which? / Which ones?¿Cuál prefieres? → Which do you prefer? ¿Cuáles son tus libros? → Which ones are your books?
¿Cuándo?When?¿Cuándo es la clase? → When is the class?
¿Dónde?Where?¿Dónde vives? → Where do you live?
¿Adónde?To where? (direction)¿Adónde vas? → Where are you going (to)?
¿De dónde?From where? (origin)¿De dónde eres? → Where are you from?
¿Por qué?Why?¿Por qué estudias español? → Why do you study Spanish?
¿Cómo?How?¿Cómo estás? → How are you? ¿Cómo se dice “hello” en español? → How do you say “hello” in Spanish?
¿Cuánto? / ¿Cuánta?How much?¿Cuánto cuesta? → How much does it cost? ¿Cuánta leche quieres? → How much milk do you want?
¿Cuántos? / ¿Cuántas?How many?¿Cuántos estudiantes hay? → How many students are there? ¿Cuántas sillas hay? → How many chairs are there?

2) Accents Matter!

All Spanish question words have written accent marks (´) when they are used in questions or exclamations.

Compare:

With Accent (Question)Without Accent (Statement)
¿Dónde vives? → Where do you live?Vivo donde mis padres. → I live where my parents do.
¿Qué quieres? → What do you want?No sé que hacer. → I don’t know what to do.
¿Cómo estás? → How are you?No sé cómo hacerlo. → I don’t know how to do it.

The accent helps you identify when a word introduces a question (direct or indirect).

3) Direct vs. Indirect Questions

A. Direct Questions

These begin and end with question marks (¿ ?) and use inversion (verb before subject):

¿Dónde vive tu madre? → Where does your mother live?
¿Qué haces tú? → What are you doing?

B. Indirect Questions

These appear inside a statement — no question marks, but still use the accent mark:

No sé dónde vive tu madre. → I don’t know where your mother lives.
Dime qué quieres. → Tell me what you want.

4) Forming Questions in Spanish

A. Yes/No Questions

Invert subject and verb, and add ¿…?

  • ¿Hablas español? → Do you speak Spanish?
  • ¿Tienes hambre? → Are you hungry?

B. Information Questions (with question words)

Place the question word first, then the verb, then the subject (if stated).

EnglishSpanish
What are you doing?¿Qué haces (tú)?
Where do they live?¿Dónde viven (ellos)?
When are we leaving?¿Cuándo salimos (nosotros)?
Who is that?¿Quién es (él)?

Word order pattern:
Question Word + Verb + Subject + Rest of Sentence

5) Special Question Word Uses

A. “Qué” vs. “Cuál”

These two often confuse learners because both can mean “what” or “which.”

UseQuéCuál / Cuáles
Definition or explanation¿Qué es eso? → What is that?not used
Before a noun¿Qué libro lees? → What book are you reading?not used
Choosing from known optionsnot used¿Cuál prefieres? → Which do you prefer?
Asking for specific info¿Qué día es hoy? → What day is it?¿Cuál es tu número? → What’s your number?

Think:

  • Qué = asking for a definition or before a noun
  • Cuál = asking for a specific item from a known group

B. “Quién” and Agreement

  • ¿Quién? (singular) → Who?
  • ¿Quiénes? (plural) → Who (plural)?

¿Quién está en la clase? → Who is in the class?
¿Quiénes son tus amigos? → Who are your friends?

C. “Cuánto” and Agreement

“Cuánto” agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.

MasculineFeminineExample
cuántocuánta¿Cuánto dinero tienes?
cuántoscuántas¿Cuántas personas vienen?

6) Common Question Phrases

EnglishSpanish
What’s your name?¿Cómo te llamas?
Where are you from?¿De dónde eres?
How old are you?¿Cuántos años tienes?
What time is it?¿Qué hora es?
Why are you sad?¿Por qué estás triste?
Who is your teacher?¿Quién es tu profesor?
Which do you prefer?¿Cuál prefieres?
When is your birthday?¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?
How much does it cost?¿Cuánto cuesta?
Where are you going?¿Adónde vas?

7) Practice: Fill in the Blanks

  1. ¿________ es tu color favorito?
  2. ¿________ cuesta el libro?
  3. ¿________ viven tus padres?
  4. ¿________ son esas chicas?
  5. ¿________ no estudias más?

Answers:

  1. Cuál
  2. Cuánto
  3. Dónde
  4. Quiénes
  5. Por qué

8) Practice: Translate

  1. What time is the class?
  2. Where are you from?
  3. Who is your teacher?
  4. How are you feeling?
  5. Why are you tired?

Answers:

  1. ¿A qué hora es la clase?
  2. ¿De dónde eres?
  3. ¿Quién es tu profesor?
  4. ¿Cómo te sientes?
  5. ¿Por qué estás cansado?

9) Quick Reference Summary

Question WordMeaningExample
¿Quién / Quiénes?Who¿Quién es ella?
¿Qué?What¿Qué haces?
¿Cuál / Cuáles?Which¿Cuál prefieres?
¿Cuándo?When¿Cuándo es la fiesta?
¿Dónde?Where¿Dónde está el libro?
¿Adónde?To where¿Adónde vas?
¿De dónde?From where¿De dónde vienes?
¿Por qué?Why¿Por qué lloras?
¿Cómo?How¿Cómo estás?
¿Cuánto/a/os/as?How much / many¿Cuántos años tienes?

Why Question Words Matter

Mastering Spanish question words helps learners:

  • Ask and answer questions naturally
  • Engage in real-world conversations and classroom interactions
  • Understand native speakers in authentic dialogues
  • Avoid direct English translations that sound unnatural

They’re a foundation for communication and comprehension in every context — from greetings to advanced discussions.

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